Human Behavior and Racism Backgrounds

Human Behavior and Racism Backgrounds It is absolutely clear that any manifestation of racism bears most negative implications. However, with a closer look and no extra emotional compound, racism can merely be regarded as an idea of diversity, described in respective scientific works. Nevertheless, mentioning any of ethnic, social, political and ideological differences today potentially indicates morbid inequality, violent action, abuse speech, all sorts of prejudice, discrimination and oppression. The phenomenon of racism counts centuries of history, though it is declared to be actively fought against. We live in a quite a versatile world. The natural equilibrium of ecosystems lies on its participants’ diversity, where none is claimed to be second-rate or irrelevant. The same principles of nature are applicable to humans. There are billions of people on the Earth; therefore, it is natural that we are different. However, none of the animals shows any trait of discriminative behavior or groundless violence, while humans do. Holocausts, Ku Klux Clans and Pogroms have already become a steady component of the way we perceive the world and build our attitude. Therefore, it is not the idea of diversity that causes racism, but the way we consider it. Violence on ethnicity grounds is based on a simple life instinct, a reaction of â€Å"fight or flight† principle, initially working out in vicinity of danger. Any feeling of dislike or non-admission toward other species of our kind might be a strong derivative of this reaction. We only tend to adapt ideological components post factum in order to gain social approval and hide primitive thinking. Without this component any violence is nothing but primitive action. A racism phenomenon, therefore, is based more on primitive thinking and individual immaturity, rather than on ideology. This provides a new vantage point to racism backgrounds based on individual human behavior.

Consent Is Thought to Be Morally Transformative of...

2. Consent is thought to be morally transformative of peoples conduct toward each other. Where sex is concerned, it is all but universally regarded as necessary to make sexual conduct legitimate. But the question is then, is consent also sufficient? Discuss both yes and no answers to this question, using Soble, Wertheimer, West and/or Primoratz. Finally, which seems the best supported answer? TAKE OUT HEADINGS AND ADD A COVER PAGE I will begin this paper in support of the liberal theory recognized on sexual morality being upheld that whatever is consented to will be permissible, thus what is not consented will be impermissible. I also support that the consenting participants should be competent and well informed without coercion†¦show more content†¦Primoratz counter argues that consent is the touchstone of morally permissible sex nonetheless acknowledges that it is invaluable when discussing ideals of human sexuality. He also argues that in regards to consent that it can be ‘morally decisive over a wide range of action’ and that it is not justified to treat sex special. Consent is to Primoratz ‘indeed enough’ in sexual acts but is critical of the claim that consent to sex is at best necessary, but not sufficent. He generalizes sexual consent on the same level of all moral responsibilities with gives reason to the idea of consent ca n be implemented to cover all moral issues. This generalization of consent being a criterion of all moral responsibilties is unrealistic in a discussion of sexual morality. Morality criterion requires multiple factors beyond an individual consent on the account of such consentual activities as recreational drug use and voluntary euthanasia as it would eliminate opportunity for moral discourse. In spite of that the idea of consent has many levels of specification which could morally be concerning of well-being and autonomy under adequate strong understanding of consent under a collection of area-specified understanding of consent Primoratz insubstaintial anaylsis of consent being the ‘difference between murder and voluntary euthanasia† is considerably distant of the idea of consent. However consent does differentiate the two subjects it

Making Scotch Free Essays

Scotch whiskey is traditionally made with just barley and water.   Also referred to as malt whiskey, Scotch, in the beginning of the production process, requires barley grains to be steeped in water until they sprout.   The germinating barley is generally spread on the floor of a malting house where it continues to develop over the course of a week or two. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Scotch or any similar topic only for you Order Now The grains are turned over regularly during this malting period, using a â€Å"paddle† to allow air to get at them and to encourage even development.   The starch in the barley turns to sugar, and germination is stopped at the optimum time by placing the barley in an oven or kiln.   Traditionally, Scotch makers used peat fired ovens to give the Scotch its peaty, smoky taste.   Some distilleries continue to retain the peaty flavor of Scotch today by burning peat and blowing the smoke over the grain. Once the barley is dry, it is milled to produce a floury substance called â€Å"grist.†Ã‚   This substance is rich in sugar, and mixed with hot water to create a â€Å"mash.†Ã‚   The mash is placed in a large cylindrical metal vessel or container called a â€Å"mash tun.†Ã‚   In order to release the sugars, the contents of the mash tun are stirred regularly.   At the conclusion of this process, a liquid known as â€Å"wort† is produced.   This hot, sweet, non-alcoholic liquid is transferred to a large wooden â€Å"washback,† which is similar to a giant wooden pail that is commonly made from Oregon pine or Cypress, both of which are highly resistant to fungi. The yeast is added in the washback to begin the fermentation process.   During this process, the sugar in the wort is turned into alcohol as the solution bubbles and foams furiously before gradually slowing down.   The sugar is converted over a period of two to four days.   At the end of  this process, the alcohol content of the product is no more than approximately 8-9%.   The Scotch is not ready, and so the liquid wash must be distilled down to the required alcohol content. Distillation is the next major step in Scotch making.   This process takes place in copper pot stills that have a distinctive, swan-neck shape.   The shape of the stills and the length of the neck determine the character of the final product. Typically, there are two kinds of stills involved in the distillation process: the wash still and the spirit still.   The first is used to produce the first distillation, referred to as â€Å"low wines.†Ã‚   This product is distilled for the second time in the spirit still before it is collected as the strong distilled spirit.   This spirit is not useable, however.   Hence, it is diverted into a receiving tank.   The final product of the second distillation is not useable either.   But it is saved to be added to the next batch of low wines. The glass-fronted â€Å"spirit safe† is where the spirit is tested with a hydrometer as it leaves the pot stills.   In Scotland, this safe is heavily padlocked by the Customs Excise to prevent any possibility of the distillery siphoning off the spirit in order to avoid the payment of legal duty on it. Following this formality, the final spirit is collected in the receiving tank.   It is now prepared to go into barrels for the next stage of the Scotch making process – maturation.   Scotch whiskey is normally stored in barrels that have been previously used.   It takes around three years at least to call it Scotch, however.   Maturation may take anything from three years to twenty years.   Before it is matured, the Scotch is simply referred to as spirit. During the process of maturation, around 2% of the spirit is lost each year due to evaporation.   Once the malt whiskey has been matured for the required time, it can be bottled and labeled.   However, if it is to be used as part of a blended whiskey, the master blender would â€Å"nose† each  whiskey to determine its characteristics and to ensure that the consistency of the specific blend is maintained. Blenders may include in the final blend as many as thirty or forty different malt and grain whiskeys.   The blender is also responsible for ensuring that a particular blend retains its consistency over a number of years.   For this reason, the blender’s nose must be skilled. Coloring is added at this point to the Scotch, and the drink is chill-filtered so as to remove the oils that cause cloudiness when ice is added.   The prepared whiskey, whether blended or not, is then transferred to the bottling plant where it is bottled using automated methods.   It is also noteworthy that some of the processes mentioned in the making of Scotch are now automated.   As an example, barley may be turned or â€Å"ploughed† with automatic paddles as opposed to manually during the grain germination process.   The chief fermentation and distillation processes, however, have largely remained unchanged in the last couple of hundred years. Bibliography 1.   Distillery Journey: Making Scotch Whiskey. (1998). Cocktail Times. Retrieved from http://www.cocktailtimes.com/distillery/making_scotch.shtml. (15 March 2007). 2. Making Scotch Whiskey: A Brief Explanation of the Traditional Method. (2005). Loch Lomond Distillers. Retrieved from http://www.lochlomonddistillery.com/making-scotch.htm. (15 March 2007).    How to cite Making Scotch, Essay examples

Nicaragua Case free essay sample

The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply: a. international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states; b. nternational custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law; c. the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations; d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. ’ A rule must derive from one of these sources in order to be considered international law. ’ Custom in international law is a practice followed by those concerned because they feel legally obliged to behave in such a way. Custom must be distinguished from mere usage, such as behavior which may be done out of courtesy, friendship or convenience rather than out of legal obligation or a feeling that non-compliance would produce legal consequences, for example sanctions imposed by other members of the international community. We will write a custom essay sample on Nicaragua Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is also a requirement for opinion juris. The source judicial  decisions  and scholarly writings are subsidiary means for the determination of the law. Both municipal and international judicial  decisions  can serve to establish new principles and rules. As said before the judges also relied on international customary as a source. A rule of customary international law identified in the case would be the principle of non-intervention. The Principle of nonintervention as used in International law refers to a rule that a country should not interfere in the internal affairs of another country. The rule is based upon the principles of state sovereignty and self-determination. This principle is also embodied in Article 2(7) of the U. N. Charter which binds it from intervening â€Å"in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state. †   The judgest in the case state that ‘It therefore finds that the support given by the United States to the military and paramilitary activities of the  contras  in Nicaragua, by financial support, training, supply of weapons, intelligence and logistic support, constitutes a clear breach of the principle of non-intervention. ’ The judicial decisions which find their legal grounds in article 38 of the UNC are part of case law. Case law is the decisions, interpretations made by judges while deciding on the legal issues before them which are considered as the common law or as an aid for interpretation of a law in subsequent cases with similar conditions. Case laws are used by advocates to support their views to favor their clients and also it influence the decision of the judges. The ICJ refers to the following judicial decisions in the Nicaragua case; * Corfu Channel * Contadora Process * Fisheries Jurisdiction * cf. Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943 * Northern Cameroons * Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta) Nuclear Tests General principles are essentially provide a mechanism to address international issues not already subject either to treaty provisions or to binding customary rules. Such general principles may arise either through municipal law or through international law, and many are in fact procedural or evidential principles or those that deal with the machinery of the judicial pro cess. One of the most important principle of international law is that of  good faith. It governs the creation and performance of legal obligations and is the foundation of treaty law. Another important general principle is that of equity, which permits international law to have a degree of  flexibility in its application and enforcement. In the Nicaragua case the judges refer to the principle of the equality of the parties, it states that it has to remain a basic principle. The case speaks of the latin maxium jura novit curia which is a general principle of law. The latin maxim jura novit curia is used to express the fact that the court knows the law, or in other words that there is no need for the parties to plead the law or to prove the law that applies to the case. It has traditionally been claimed that jura novit curia applies in civil law systems but not in common law systems. However, this claim has been made with varying finality. The case states that ’ For the purpose of deciding whether the claim is well founded in law, the principle jura novit curia signifies that the Court is not solely dependent on the argument of the parties before it with respect to the applicable law (cf. Lotus, P. C. I. J. , Series A, No. 10, p. 31), so that the absence of one party has less impact. This would mean for the opinion of the court that although one party is absent there is no question of a judgment automatically in favour of the party appearing, since the Court is required to satisfy itself that that partys claim is well founded in fact and law. This essay shows that the Nicaragua cases relies on all kinds of sources of international law. It shows us that law can be found in more than one place and that there can be more rules who are on the sam e issue but differs from source e. g. rules of customary law and treaty law as stated in the case.